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ISSN: 2772-8307
Copyright © 2026 Shanghai Jiaotong University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
cited:13
China's CFETR Central Solenoid Model Coil achieves 12T with 48kA current
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Article Number:Article 100210
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cited:3
Baihua: A 100-qubit scale, high-performance, and open-access quantum cloud platform
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Article Number:Article 100206
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Abstract
Corresponding email:liupei@baqis.ac.cn; jinyr@baqis.ac.cn
Quantum cloud platforms are of great importance for promoting near-term applications of quantum computing. Here we introduce the fully open-access Baihua platform, featuring 111 high-performance qubits with an average two-qubit control- gate fidelity exceeding 98% and a peak fidelity of 99.82%. The platform is implemented on a 156-qubit superconducting processor with heavy-hexagonal-like topology. Since its launch, Baihua has executed over two million quantum tasks, significantly promoting the research and development of hardware-efficient algorithms for practical quantum computing.
Abstract
Corresponding email:jqfeng@c-nin.com；taom@bjtu.edu.cn；zychen@c-nin.com
In February 2025, 16 MgB2–YBCO hybrid coils had been completely produced and were ready to be assembled into a high-temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage (HTS-SMES) device. This is the first time in the world that an HTS-SMES device with an energy capacity of 10 MJ has been developed, and the entire process was independently completed by a Chinese group. This marks a further maturation of the technology for large-scale fabrication of high-quality, homogeneous high-temperature superconducting hybrid coils, as well as the manufacturing of high-performance SMES devices. In addition, the ability to regulate grid fluctuations will be further enhanced.
cited:0
Solid-state potassium fluoride doping strategy for stable fabrication of iron-based superconductors
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Article Number:Article 100208
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Abstract
Corresponding email:dongliangwang@mail.iee.ac.cn；ywma@mail.iee.ac.cn
The utilization of reactive alkali metals in solid-state synthesis poses significant challenges for large-scale production of iron-based superconductors (IBS). Particularly for BaKFe2As2 (BaK122), an IBS with proven high-field applicability, the extreme air sensitivity and explosive hydrolysis of potassium (K) metal hinder its practical manufacturing. In this work, an innovative approach substitutes elemental K with air-stable potassium fluoride (KF) to achieve the first successful synthesis of BaK122 superconductors, eliminating hazardous handling while maintaining stoichiometric control. The transition temperature of the BaK122 synthesized with KF (KF-based) reaches 38.5 K, consistent with those prepared using elemental K. IBS tapes were manufactured using the KF-based precursors via the powder-in-tube (PIT) method. The effects of thermal treatments at varied temperatures were thoroughly examined, with optimized tapes exhibiting high critical current density (). Comprehensive microstructural analysis uncovers grain structure and compositional homogeneity, offering essential guidance for additional enhancement. KF is confirmed as a reliable potassium source that avoids the intrinsic instability of metallic K, facilitating industrial-scale fabrication of BaK122 superconductors. This materials innovation also establishes a novel strategy for the safe fabrication of potassium-containing inorganic nonmetallic materials.
cited:7
Development of HTS magnet for ENN's proton-boron spherical torus
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Article Number:Article 100209
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Abstract
Corresponding email:liyiah@enn.cn
Nuclear fusion represents humanity's ultimate clean energy source. ENN group is dedicated to developing a spherical torus (ST) based on the proton–boron (p-11B) reactions for its optimal commercial value. This article links the technical requirements imposed by the p-11B ST to key magnet parameters such as the magnetic field strength and the current density in the coils. These requirements determine that employing high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet technology is the optimal solution for ENN. To this end, ENN successfully developed and tested a meter-scale, 12-T, D-shaped HTS coil as a toroidal field (TF) model coil last year. This year, extensive work has been undertaken to optimize magnet fabrication techniques and to conduct simulations and designs for the next generation HTS TF coil. The application of HTS magnet technology to fusion devices is a relatively recent development within the last five years, presenting numerous novel scientific and technical challenges that require clarification and explanation. ENN proposes several open research questions and aims to collaborate with the broader community of magnet researchers to advance humanity's fusion energy endeavors.
cited:2
Future superconducting magnets with “sensing nerves”: Distributed fiber optic sensing for quench detection and thermomechanical integrity
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Article Number:Article 100211
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Abstract
Corresponding email:xzwang@lzu.edu.cn
Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR), based on Rayleigh scattering, offers an innovative diagnostic approach for superconducting magnets. In addition to its high spatial resolution, electromagnetic immunity, and distributed sensing capability, OFDR allows continuous and quantitative mapping of thermomechanical states throughout the magnet's lifecycle—from initial winding pre-stress and cooldown to excitation and quench. For critical performance monitoring, particularly in tracking the combined strain–temperature behavior under cryogenic and high-field conditions, OFDR provides a level of accuracy and spatial detail that is difficult to match with existing sensing methods. Although engineering challenges remain, including cryogenic calibration, strain transfer, signal decoupling, and system integration, most can be resolved as the technology matures. Looking ahead, OFDR is poised to become a core technology for next-generation “smart” superconducting structures, redefining diagnostic strategies in high-energy physics and fusion magnet systems.
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