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ISSN: 2772-8307
Copyright © 2026 Shanghai Jiaotong University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
cited:1
Enhanced the in-field critical current in thick MOD-YBCO films via energy-controlled Xe ion irradiation
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Article Number:Article 100255
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Abstract
Corresponding email:cbcai@t.shu.edu.cn
This study systematically investigates the effects of 45 MeV and 85 MeV Xe ions irradiation on the in-field performance and defect structures of 3.5 μm-thick MOD-YBCO superconducting tapes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations reveal that 85 MeV irradiation produces continuous columnar tracks, while 45 MeV irradiation mainly generates discontinuous tracks. In-field transport measurements show that the critical current of the sample has increased by 2.4 times at 4.2 K and 10 T, from 354 A to 4 mm of the original sample to 874 A-4 mm after 45 MeV irradiation (fluence: 2 × 1011 ions/cm2), indicating a significant improvement in the field-dependent critical current density. XRD and Raman analyses further demonstrate that irradiation leads to lattice expansion along the c-axis and the formation of oxygen vacancies, enhancing flux pinning capability. This work confirms that the defect architecture can be effectively optimized by controllably tuning irradiated energy and fluence, thereby substantially improving the high-field current-carrying performance of thick YBCO tapes and providing key experimental evidence for their engineering applications in high magnetic fields.
Abstract
Corresponding email:rries@fsu.edu
REBCO coated conductors (CCs) exhibit strong critical current anisotropy with respect to the magnetic field orientation relative to the tape plane, Ic(θ, φ), which is crucial for high-field applications such as fusion magnets operating in complex field geometries. Quantitative characterization of this anisotropy using transport measurements becomes increasingly challenging at low temperatures, high magnetic fields, and high critical currents. In this work, we introduce a torque-magnetometry-based method that extends the capability of the standard two-dimensional (2D) torque measurements Ic(θ) limited by fixed φ = 0° to full three-dimensional (3D) characterization Ic(θ, φ) with variable angle φ, as well as improves the accuracy of the evaluated critical currents. The study combines an analytical framework with redesigned torque probe components and is demonstrated experimentally up to 45 T. The effects of sample geometry, current redistribution, and intrinsic longitudinal–transverse anisotropy are quantified and incorporated into the analysis. The experimental part focuses on principal field anisotropies, i.e. Ic(θ, 0°) and Ic(θ, 90°), corresponding to maximum (MLF) and variable Lorentz force (VLF) configurations, respectively. It was observed that their ratio follows higher-order angular dependence and increases with the applied magnetic field. The presented method enables rapid, non-destructive 3D anisotropy characterisation Ic(θ,φ,B,T) of the REBCO CCs in the temperature range 4.2 - 50 K and fields up to 45 T, extending anisotropy measurements into regimes difficult to access using conventional transport methods.
cited:3
Baihua: A 100-qubit scale, high-performance, and open-access quantum cloud platform
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Article Number:Article 100206
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Abstract
Corresponding email:liupei@baqis.ac.cn; jinyr@baqis.ac.cn
Quantum cloud platforms are of great importance for promoting near-term applications of quantum computing. Here we introduce the fully open-access Baihua platform, featuring 111 high-performance qubits with an average two-qubit control- gate fidelity exceeding 98% and a peak fidelity of 99.82%. The platform is implemented on a 156-qubit superconducting processor with heavy-hexagonal-like topology. Since its launch, Baihua has executed over two million quantum tasks, significantly promoting the research and development of hardware-efficient algorithms for practical quantum computing.
Abstract
Corresponding email:jqfeng@c-nin.com；taom@bjtu.edu.cn；zychen@c-nin.com
In February 2025, 16 MgB2–YBCO hybrid coils had been completely produced and were ready to be assembled into a high-temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage (HTS-SMES) device. This is the first time in the world that an HTS-SMES device with an energy capacity of 10 MJ has been developed, and the entire process was independently completed by a Chinese group. This marks a further maturation of the technology for large-scale fabrication of high-quality, homogeneous high-temperature superconducting hybrid coils, as well as the manufacturing of high-performance SMES devices. In addition, the ability to regulate grid fluctuations will be further enhanced.
cited:0
Solid-state potassium fluoride doping strategy for stable fabrication of iron-based superconductors
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Article Number:Article 100208
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Abstract
Corresponding email:dongliangwang@mail.iee.ac.cn；ywma@mail.iee.ac.cn
The utilization of reactive alkali metals in solid-state synthesis poses significant challenges for large-scale production of iron-based superconductors (IBS). Particularly for BaKFe2As2 (BaK122), an IBS with proven high-field applicability, the extreme air sensitivity and explosive hydrolysis of potassium (K) metal hinder its practical manufacturing. In this work, an innovative approach substitutes elemental K with air-stable potassium fluoride (KF) to achieve the first successful synthesis of BaK122 superconductors, eliminating hazardous handling while maintaining stoichiometric control. The transition temperature of the BaK122 synthesized with KF (KF-based) reaches 38.5 K, consistent with those prepared using elemental K. IBS tapes were manufactured using the KF-based precursors via the powder-in-tube (PIT) method. The effects of thermal treatments at varied temperatures were thoroughly examined, with optimized tapes exhibiting high critical current density (). Comprehensive microstructural analysis uncovers grain structure and compositional homogeneity, offering essential guidance for additional enhancement. KF is confirmed as a reliable potassium source that avoids the intrinsic instability of metallic K, facilitating industrial-scale fabrication of BaK122 superconductors. This materials innovation also establishes a novel strategy for the safe fabrication of potassium-containing inorganic nonmetallic materials.
cited:7
Development of HTS magnet for ENN's proton-boron spherical torus
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Article Number:Article 100209
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Abstract
Corresponding email:liyiah@enn.cn
Nuclear fusion represents humanity's ultimate clean energy source. ENN group is dedicated to developing a spherical torus (ST) based on the proton–boron (p-11B) reactions for its optimal commercial value. This article links the technical requirements imposed by the p-11B ST to key magnet parameters such as the magnetic field strength and the current density in the coils. These requirements determine that employing high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet technology is the optimal solution for ENN. To this end, ENN successfully developed and tested a meter-scale, 12-T, D-shaped HTS coil as a toroidal field (TF) model coil last year. This year, extensive work has been undertaken to optimize magnet fabrication techniques and to conduct simulations and designs for the next generation HTS TF coil. The application of HTS magnet technology to fusion devices is a relatively recent development within the last five years, presenting numerous novel scientific and technical challenges that require clarification and explanation. ENN proposes several open research questions and aims to collaborate with the broader community of magnet researchers to advance humanity's fusion energy endeavors.
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